And some of them enjoy remarkable longevity. The naked woman drawing, for example, remained hidden for almost sixty years in the municipality of Egg, in northern Switzerland. Her relatively understated shape was composed in 1958 from a swath of green countryside and the blue line of a river, her knees bending at the curve in the stream. She remained unnoticed, reclining peacefully, until 2012.
naked woman of switzerland
Materials and methods: Women (30-49 years) living in Dschang (West Cameroon) were prospectively invited to a cervical cancer screening campaign. Primary HPV-based screening was followed by VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI if HPV-positive. Health care providers independently defined diagnosis (pathological or non-pathological) based on naked-eye VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI. Decision to treat was based on combined examination (VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI). Cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage were performed in all HPV-positive participants and considered as reference standard. Diagnostic performance of individual and combined naked-eye VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI was evaluated. A sample size of 1,500 women was calculated assuming a prevalence of 20% HPV positivity and 10% CIN2+ in HPV-positive women.
Conclusion: Addition of D-VIA/VILI to conventional naked-eye examination may be associated with improved CIN2+ identification. Further studies including a larger sample size are needed to confirm these results.
The maternal mortality rate in Switzerland is 5.00 deaths/100,000 live births (as of 2015).[31] Abortion laws were liberalized in 2002. Abortion is legal during the first trimester, upon condition of counseling, for women who state that they are in distress; and at later stages for medical reasons.[32] The total fertility rate is 1.56 children born/per woman (est. of 2018)[33] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1.
On a much more high profile level however, naked hiking has formed the focal point of public discussion and media attention, on where people should be allowed to take their clothes off outside their own home.
The performances at the Body and Freedom festival range from a person lying under covers in a bed, to a woman simply walking and standing with no clothes on in the street, to a group of around ten dancers who began completely clothed, then peeled off the layers as they rolled around the floor in a mass pile of squirming bodies.
Weiss explained that the intention was to focus on a current event but they felt that anything about the ongoing pandemic or the war in Ukraine would be too sad, so instead, they opted for the "happy fun" idea of burning a trans woman in effigy.
Citation: Dufeil E, Kenfack B, Tincho E, Fouogue J, Wisniak A, Sormani J, et al. (2022) Addition of digital VIA/VILI to conventional naked-eye examination for triage of HPV-positive women: A study conducted in a low-resource setting. PLoS ONE 17(5): e0268015.
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first prospective trial which aimed to investigate the impact of the adjunct of D-VIA/VILI to conventional naked-eye examination. Previous studies on the possible role of camera-enhanced diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions and monitoring with digital equipment have been reported, with sensitivity and specificity of D-VIA ranging between 66.7% and 94.1%, and 50.4% and 85.4% respectively [17, 30], which is consistent with our results. However, little is known about the addition of digital images to the final decision regarding precancerous lesion management in low-resource settings [10, 17].
Our study supports that the addition of smartphone-enhanced VIA/VILI may lead to improvement in CIN2+ detection, although only borderline statistical significance was reached in regard to sensitivity. Considering D-VIA/VILI individually, we also observed a trend in sensitivity improvement. Its positive and negative predictive values were also slightly higher, however without reaching statistical significance. On the other hand, digital assessment reduced specificity compared to the naked eye alone. A loss in specificity may however be considered acceptable in low-resource contexts where loss to follow-up is a common issue, and considering the availability of safe and well-tolerated therapeutic options such as thermal ablation. The combined use of VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI further allowed to detect two patients with a CIN3 lesion, and one patient with a CIN2 lesion.
The inclusion of a digital approach to cervical screening strategies could be a good adjunct to VIA/VILI. The combination of a conventional naked-eye approach with a digital approach has already been performed in dermatology for the detection of melanomas and showed an improvement in performance [31]. Although not a scientific validation of the technique, in daily practice, we observed that front-line providers having experience with D-VIA/VILI acquisition unanimously prefer the use of digital images, simply because it offers the possibility to be manipulated to zoom in on suspicious regions or transformation zones, as well as the possibility to simultaneously compare native, VIA and VILI images and ask colleagues for a second opinion in real time. In cases of doubt, D-VIA/VILI could be verified remotely by a more experienced person [32].
A digital approach performed in addition to naked-eye evaluation may be of clinically relevant benefit in CIN2+ detection. Indeed, the combination of VIA/VILI and D-VIA/VILI seems to provide an increase in sensitivity, with an acceptable decrease in specificity. Digital assessment is an innovative tool that may contribute to changing the current management of cervical cancer prevention in low-income countries. However, this will need to be confirmed by further studies with a larger sample size.
People in Appenzell Inner Rhodes, Switzerland, vote by raising their hands on Sunday. Voters have banned naked hiking after dozens of mostly German nudists started rambling through their picturesque region. By a show of hands citizens of the tiny canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes voted overwhelmingly at their traditional open-air annual assembly to impose a 200 Swiss franc ($176) fine on violators. (AP Photo/KEYSTONE/Ennio Leanza)
Hannah Villiger graduated from the University of Applied Arts of Luzern in 1974, and is known internationally for her photographic work. The artist started using this medium exclusively as from 1980 to show a fragmented depiction of her own naked body, first with a 35 mm camera, then with a Polaroid. In no way narcissistic, her work treats the body as an anonymous material, far from the identitary issues tackled by an artist like Valie Export. Consistently defining herself as a sculptress, she presented enlarged photographs in dynamic ensembles (Block, 1993-1994) in order to reveal the intrinsic properties of a body shaped by its digital recording. Villiger moved to Paris in 1986.
It said the picture was published by "various media" and the decision to order the suspension was taken in the interests of upholding the good reputation of the Parliament and its services. It did not specify what the woman's job was.
Until 1992, a woman lost her citizenship on marrying a foreigner and could be raped by her husband without having recourse to the law. Swiss women saw their first female president in 1999, Ruth Dreifuss.
Edouard Fankhauser, president of the Swiss Nudist Club, regards theHelsinki Olympics as a "travesty." Said he last week: "The ancientathletes performed in the nude . . . It would be so much better if theyouth of the world . . . remained faithful to the old ideals." Sosaying, Nudist Fankhauser stepped back inside the barb-wired camp onthe shore of Switzerland's Lake of Neuchatel, where some 50 naked men &women from six European countries were competing in "the realOlympiad." U.S. nudists (TIME, Aug. 25) were invited, but decided notto take off for Europe.
All prophylactic measures were found to be cost-saving with an increase in QALYs and life years (LYs) compared to IS. PBM&PBSO were found to be most cost-effective and dominated all other strategies in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. Lifetime costs averaged to 141,293 EUR and 14.5 QALYs per woman with a BRCA1 mutation under IS, versus 76,639 EUR and 19.2 QALYs for PBM&PBSO. Corresponding results for IS per woman with a BRCA2 mutation were 102,245 EUR and 15.5 QALYs, versus 60,770 EUR and 19.9 QALYs for PBM&PBSO. The results were found to be robust in sensitivity analysis; no change in the dominant strategy for either BRCA-mutation was observed.
Women were assigned a disease-related lower utility weight than in the DF state for the first 5 years after cancer diagnosis, after which they returned to an age-adjusted DF utility unless they fell ill again with cancer or died. Disease-related utility values were increased linearly within these 5 years after diagnosis. All health state utility values were age-adjusted using the multiplicative method, e.g. if a woman at age 50 developed BC, a utility weight of 0.842 (utility of a women aged 50 years [42])*0.637 (utility of BC [43]) was assigned in the first year she lived with BC [44]. We assumed the same utility weights for CBC as for BC.
All risk-reducing strategies were found to be cost-saving for the Swiss healthcare system with an increase in QALYs and LYs compared to IS. PBM&PBSO was found to be most cost-effective and dominated all other strategies in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (Table 4). Lifetime costs averaged to 141,293 EUR and 14.5 QALYs per woman with a BRCA1 mutation under IS, versus 76,639 EUR and 19.2 QALYs for PBM&PBSO. Corresponding results for IS per woman with a BRCA2 mutation were 102,245 EUR and 15.5 QALYs, versus 60,770 EUR and 19.9 QALYs for PBM&PBSO. Supplementary Table S5 summarizes the total BC and OC cost estimations in the model.
Women contemplating PBM consider that today most women diagnosed early with BC do not die from it. A woman's self-image and body-image is more severely affected by PBM than by PBSO, which is usually not visible on the outside in contrast to PBM. A considerable proportion of women are dissatisfied with the breast appearance after PBM (scars) and feel embarrassed or less attractive when naked [59, 70, 71]. PBM was also associated with a high prevalence of discomfort in the breasts that impacted sexual sensations and enjoyment negatively [72, 73]. Dissatisfaction was also related with surgical complications [74] which occurred in up to 64% of patients [13, 75, 76], and unanticipated secondary surgeries after PBM [75]. Women are reluctant to undergo PBM despite its benefit [59]. However, women opting for PBM are generally satisfied with their choice because of reduced fear of developing BC [61, 77, 78]. 2ff7e9595c
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